INVARIANT STRUCTURES IN LIMINAL RITES ACCORDING TO ARNOLD VAN GENNEP

The article is devoted to the analysis of Arnold van Gennep's study invariant structure funeral rituals in his famous work "The Rites Passage" (1909). In scientific concept scientist, rites passage (initiation rites) accompany most important periods and events human life are associated with changes position (including social) status an individual. Analyzing cycle, A. Gennep emphasizes that preliminar ("rites separation from previous world") least pronounced, liminar performed intermediate period") long complex, developed postliminar inclusion new which carried out incorporate dead world dead. Rich empirical material allowed him characterize general ideas different cultures about afterlife as a space similar living, equivalent organization society. At same time, points mythologies complex journey concludes elements depend on distance location otherworld.The dangerous among characterizes those whose death was not accompanied by rites, well children who were baptized, did receive name pass initiation, therefore can be incorporated into living or – they exist at expense often seek revenge. On this basis, calls "practical duration" help get rid eternal enemies. These ideas, according author article, influenced formation paradigm demonological characters mythological legends folk tales. reverse voluntary forced movement soul vice versa. joining mortal space, Gennep, consistent incorporative profane world. considers folklore motifs descent land number taboos reflect this, violation which, contrary, serves means incorporation community dead, allows safe unimpeded stay newcomer afterlife. numerous transitions individual versa, sacred return back worlds, scientist "complete turnover", main essence passage.